intracellular communication

Cytonemes

very long actin-rich filopodia-like structure to connect neighbor cells by adhesion

Ectosomes

shedding vesicles formation of lipid raft  bussing  fission, rich in cholesterol, sphingomyelin and ganglioside

Endocrine system

specialized in glandular cells, transport in bloodstream, slow but long effect

Exosomes

small round veiscles, released from multivesicular bodies, rich in cholesterol, sphingomyelin and ceramide, and miRNA and mRNA

Gap junctions

cell-contact dependent transport of small soluble molecules  narrow pore between adjacent cells  2 connexons  6 connexin proteins  4 transmembrane domans

Immunological synapses

interface between an antigen-presenting cell and a lymphocyte to activate the lymphocyte (cytolytic effect)

Neurological synapses

excitation transmission from sensory cells and neurons to other neurons and effectors

Paracrine signaling

local diffusion through the ECM, for nearby cells, for quick responses for shot amount of time

Signaling filopodia

directed juxtracrine signaling between distant cells

Tunneling nanotubes

cellular protrusions filled with actin presenting a mechanism for direct, long-range intercelullar communication  membranous and cytoplasmic continuity between remote cells.