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Domanda Risposta
compression
crushing forces
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kompresja
deform
change shape
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deformować
tension
stretching forces
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napięcie / zdenerwowanie
extension/elongation
subjected to tension its lenght increases
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wydłużenie / wydłużenie
tensile strength
ability to resist tension
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wytrzymałość na rozciąganie
compressive strength
ability to resist compression
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wytrzymałość na ściskanie
elasticity
can extend but still return to their original shape
rubber Can be elastically deformed
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elastyczność
stiff
strong but has low elasticity
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sztywny
brittle
breaks easily
glass
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kruchy
fractures
breaks due to tension
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złamania
is plastic/plasticity
can change shape but won't return to original
lead
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jest plastyczny/plastyczność
plastically deformed
by hamnering or rolling
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odkształcone plastycznie
malleable
plastically deformed
lead(Pb)is malleable
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ciągliwy
ductile
Can be drawn out (stretched) into a long lenght
copper (cu) is ductile
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plastyczny
tensile testing
sample bar is subjected to a progressively increasing tensile force
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Rozciąganie
proportional
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proporcjonalny
limit of proportionality
beyond this point lenght increases at a greater rate than tension
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granica proporcjonalności
elastic limit
beyond this point the bar Will no longer go back to its original lenght
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elastyczny limit
yield point/yield
once the bar yields, it continues to increase in lenght without further increase in tension
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punkt płynności/wydajność
ultimate tensile strenght (UTS)
beyond this point a waist (a narrower section) appears at a point along the lenght of the bar signalling that its about to fracture
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granica wytrzymałości na rozciąganie (UTS)
fracture point
where the bar breaks in two
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punkt złamania
metal fatigue
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zmęczenie metalu
cyclic loads
forces that continually vary
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obciążenia cykliczne
flex
bending up and down
aircrafts wings frequently flex
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zgiąć
micro-cracking
consequence of fatigue, small cracks which worsen over time
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mikropękanie
Fatigue cracking
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Pękanie zmęczeniowe
fracture toughness
how easily cracks continue to open up and increase in lenght
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odporność na kruche pękanie
creep
components become permanently deformed due to loads, creep increases over time heat makes it worse
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-
conduct
carry or transmit
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-
thermal conductivity
copper is an excellent thermal conductor
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przewodność cieplna
thermal insulator
Polystyrene
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izolator termiczny
expand
increase in size due to heating
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rozwijać
contract
decrease in size due to cooling
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skurczyc się
coefficient of thermal expansion
the extent of expansion and contraction, its change in size in temp change
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Współczynnik rozszerzalności cieplnej
coefficient of linear expansion
change in lenght
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współczynnik rozszerzalności liniowej
be exerted on
put pressure on it
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być obciążonym
loads
force
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masa
act on
apply force to
loads will act on
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działać na
members
parts
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członkowie
carry/bear=load-bearing
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nosić/nieść=nośny
magnitude
size
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rozmiar, waga
vector quantity
magnitude and direction
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wielkość wektorowa
scalar quantity
magnitude only
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ilość skalarna
stress
force per unit of area
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stres
concentrated load
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skoncentrowany ładunek
strain
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napiecie/obciazenie
overstressed
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przeciążony
disproportional
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nieproporcjonalny
bending
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pochylenie się
shear/shearing
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ścinanie
torsion/torque
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skręcanie / moment obrotowy
simply supported beam
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obsługiwana wiązka
neutral axis
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Oś neutralna
crush/squash
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zmiażdżyć/zgnieść
slender
long and thin
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smukły
buckle
bending out of shape
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odkształcenie

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