development pt2

formal operational stage

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive decelopment at age of 12

stranger anxiety

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display

attachment

an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.

critical period

an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.

imprinting

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.

basic trust

according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

self-concept

our understanding and evaluation of who we are.

adolescence

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

puberty

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

primary sexulal characteristics

he body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that makes sexual reproduction possible.

secondary sexual characteristic

non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

menarche

first period

identity

our sense of self

intimacy

in Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.

menopause

time of natural cessation

alzheimer's disease

A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, physical functioning

cross-sectional study

a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.

longitudinal study

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.

crystallized intelligence

ur accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

fluid intelligence

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.

social clock

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.