DNA and RNA

helicase

open the DNA double helix

DNA polymerase

matches and add new nucleotides to form daughter DNA strand

primase

forms RNA primer

DNA ligase

joining together of okazaki fragments on lagging strand

topoisomerase

relieves the stress generated by unwinding of DNA

genetics

is the study of genes, heredity and variation in living organisms

biotechnology

is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products

genetic engineering

is a direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology

mRNA

transcribes the genetic code from DNA into a form that can be read and used to make proteins, carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell

tRNA

transfers amino acids to the ribosome that corresponds to each three-nucleotide codon of rRNA

rRNA

rRNA directs the translation of RNA into proteins

differences between DNA and RNA

similarities between DNA and RNA