geografia 28.11

why does the world use time zones?

The time zones were established in the 19th century in response to increased global communication and business.

what are features of the time zones in your city or country?

The time zone where I live is one hour after Universal Time. When it's noon in my time zone, it's 11 am GMT in otherworlds.

solar noon

a time each day when the sun is at the highest point in the sky

political boundary

an imaginary line that separates one country or state from another.

confusion

a skute of disorder in which something is unclear

frame of reference

a set of criteria or stated values in relation to which measurements or judgements can be made

GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)

the time in the zero meridian that all other zones are based on.

time zone

any are of 24 geographical regions used to determine time

international date line

is an imaginary line halfway around the globe where the date jumps

daylight saving time

is the practice of setting clocks one hour or more

universal time (UT)

is the local time of the zero meridian which passes through Greenwich, England

Standard time

is the official time of a zone or region

jogs

is a jump of interruption in the straight line of a time zone

central meridians

is a line that can be found at every 15th degrees of longitude, and is used to establish time zones.

What is the Earth system?

The Earth system is the network of interconnected processes that occur on Earth.

What areas of study are included in geography?

geology, biology, physical science, social science and political science

interconnected

having all constituent parts linked or connected.

dependent

requiring something else in order to function

natural resource

a substance or process in nature that people use

worldwide

applying to the entire Earth or many parts of it

limited

not widely available

survive

to remain alive

critical

something that is necessary in order for something else to occur to be true

variable

a factor that may change the quality, quantity, size, etc.

life-support system

a set of conditions or factors that allow living things to survive in an environment

How do the biosphere and hydrosphere interact?

The biosphere and the hydrosphere have two different definitions, but their domains overlap. The biosphere includes all life on Earth. This includes humans and other life on land. But it also includes aquatic life, which lives in the hydrosphere.

lithosphere

the layer that includes the rocky surface of the Earth

atmosphere

the layer of air around the Earth

interact

to behave in response to each other

physical

related to qualities that are seen or touched

overlap

to exist in an area that something else also exists in

hydrosphere

the layer that includes all the Earth's water

crust

the surface of the Earth, made up of rock and soil

troposphere

the inner layer of the atmosphere, closer to the Earth than the stratosphere that contains most of the planet's air

biosphere

set of all living organisms on the Earth

stratosphere

is an outer layer of the atmosphere, farther from the Earth than the troposphere, that filters out harmful rays from the sun.

What are some features of the Earth's orbit around the sun?

The Earth revolves around the sun, following an elliptical orbit. Since the path is not a perfect circle, the Earth's distance from the sun varies throughout the year.

How do the Earth's movements affect conditions on the surface?

The conditions on the surface of the Earth change depending on the position of the Earth in relation to the sun. As the Earth revolves, it remains at a fixed tilt. for half of the year and tilted away for the other half.

alternate

switch back and forth repeatedly

variations

changes to the conditions

solar system

network of objects that revolve around the sun.

elliptical

rounded but not circular

orbits

paths that planets follow around the sun

perihelion

the orbital position of the Earth on January 3, when it is closed to the sun

aphelion

the orbital position of the Earth on July 4, when it is farthest from the sun

resolve

to move in circular motion around a central point

rotate

to turn around a fixed point without changing location.

season

part of the year during which a location has particular weather conditions

oblique ray

light that is cast onto a point at a slant or incline

vertical ray

light that is cast directly onto a point at a 90° angle

equinox

an astronomical event in which the sun's rays are cast most directly on the equator

Tropic of Cancer

an imaginary line that receives direct light during the Northern Hemisphere's summer solstice

Arctic Circle

a region around the North Pole that receives a full day of daylight or darkness

Antarctic Circle

a region around the South Pole that receives a full day of daylight or darkness

Tropic of Capricorn

an imaginary line that receives direct light during the Southern Hemisphere's summer solstice

solstice

an astronomical event in which a point on Earth is tilted farthest from or closest to the sun

daylight

the presence of sunlight during the daytime, so that surroundings are easy to see

hemisphere

is one half of the Earth, divided by a line such as the equator or a meridian

darkness

a state without light, generally occuring at night

incline

to learn or to deviate towards a particular direction, rather than being oriented straight up and down.

weather

state of the atmosphere as it is experienced on the surface of the Earth in a particular time and place, and includes features like temperature and precipition