Gramatyka 2

cyrk

circus

brzęczenie

buzz

tabu

taboo

wiolonczela

cello

sopran

soprano

aureola

halo

ładunek

cargo

łydka/ cielak

calf

martwa natura

still life

karzeł

dwarf

kopyto

a hoof

przystań (dla statków)

wharf

amator

tenderfoot

gęś

goose

wesz-wszy

louse-lice

wół

ox

bodziec, zachęta

stimulus

absolwent

alumnus

warstwa

stratum

kryterium

criterion

bakteria-bakterie

bacterium-bacteria

paranteza (wtrącenie)

paranthesis-parentheses

teza/ praca naukowa

thesis-theses

sympocjum (spotkanie naukowe)

symposium

dodatek, załącznik

appendix

wyrostek robaczkowy

appendix

aparat, przyrząd, urządzenie

apparatus

łoś

moose

dorsz

a cod

poduszkowiec

hovercraft

kostka (do gry)

dice

potomstwo

offspring

tuzin

dozen

pomoc dydaktyczna

teaching aid

przechodzień

passer-by

zdobywca 2 miejsca

runner-up

widz

looker-on

pochlebca, fagas

hanger-on

laska, kula

walking stick

someone, especially lawyer, who has the legal power to make a signed statement or document official

notary public

błędny rycerz

knight errant

a court that judes soldiers, etc. who may have broken military law, or an occasion when this judgement is made

court-martial

łyżeczka pełna czegoś

spoonful

garść, garstka

a handful

okręt wojenny

man-of-war

ptak drapieżny

bird of prey

druhna, świadek

maid of honour

inicjacja, wszczęcie

rite of passage

naczelny dowódca

commander in chief

szkoła (sposób myślenia)

school of thought

niezapominajka

forget-me-not

karuzela

a merry-go-round

wydawać (kogoś), zdradzać (kogoś)

give-away

zawiadomienie, notatka służbowa

memorandum

liść herbaty

tea leaf

roboczogodzina

man-hour

miejsce na uboczu drogi przeznaczone na odpoczynek

lay-by

snop, sterta, wiązka

sheaf

przypadek(np. mianownik, dopełniacz, itp.)

case

dopełniacz

genitive/ possesive case

apostrofa

apostrophe

komentarz

remark

rządy, panowanie

reign

gniazdo

a nest

trzymać kogoś na dystans

(keep someone) at arm’s length

być jedną nogą w grobie

be at death’s door

na litość/ miłość boską

for [goodness(’)s/ heaven(’)s/ God’s/ Christ’s] sake

ile dusza zapragnie

to your heart’s content

odchodzić od zmysłów

be at your wits’ end

rzut beretem/ kamieniem

a stone’s throw (away)

powierzchnia ziemi

the earth’s surface

rzeźnik

a butcher

zaimek wskazujący

demonstrative pronoun

zaimek osobowy

personal pronoun

zaimek w formie podmiotu

subject pronoun

a noun or pronoun that comes before the verb in an ordinary affirmative sentence. It often says (in an active sentence) who or what does the action that the verb refers to.

subject

zaimek w formie dopełnienia

object pronoun

a noun or pronoun that normally comes after the verb, in an active clause

object

zaimek dzierżawczy

possessive pronoun

przymiotnik dzierżawczy/ określnik dzierżawczy

possesive adjective/ determiner

zaimek zwrotny

reflexive pronoun

czasownik zwrotny

reflexive verb

without help, alone

on your own, by yourself

poklepać

pat

użądlić

sting

nie stawić się

absent yourself from

zadowolić się czymś

content yourself with

zająć się czymś

busy yourself with

szczycić się czymś

pride yourself on

zapoznać się z czymś

acquaint yourself with

przyłożyć się do czegoś

apply yourself to

zobowiązać się do czegoś

commit yourself to

zajmować się czymś

concern yourself with/ about

zaznajomić się z czymś

familiarize yourself with

fatygować się

trauble yourself with

Baw się dobrze!

Enjoy yourself/ves!

Zachowuj się!

Behave yourself/ves!

Częstuj się

Help yourself/ves (to some coffee)!

Rozgość się!/ Czuj się jak u siebie w domu!

Make yourself comfortable!/ Make yourself/ves at home!

Mój jaśniej!

Make yourself understood.

Nie smuć się! Nie martw się!

Don’t upset yourself!

Nie słyszę własnych myśli.

I can’t (can barely/ hardly) hear myself think.

Między nami

Between ourselves/ Between you and me

arystokracja

aristocracy

chór

a choir

prowizja

commission

komitet, komisja

committee

rada

council

załoga

a crew

młodzież

youth

... are small animals, birds, and insects that are harmful because they destroy crops, spoil food and spread disease.

vermin

... are the official leaders of religious activities in organized religions

clergy

... are cows and bulls keeping on a farm

cattle

byk

bull

krzywica (choroba kończyn)

rickets

... is a game played on a cloth-covered table

billiards

... is a game in which small pointed objects are thrown at a round board.

darts

... is a game played by two people, each with 12 round pieces.

draughts/ checkers (US)

... is a game played with a set of small flat pieces.

dominoes

Bruksela

Brussels (is in Belgium)

Neapol

Naples (is in Italy)

Ateny

Athens (is in Greece)

Holandia

the Netherlands (is a country in Western Europe.)

... is a very active type of physical exercise done to music

aerobics

... is sports such as running and jumping

athletics

... is the study of how the qualities of living things are passed on in their genes

genetics

... is a sport involving phisical exercises and movements that need skill, strength, control

gimnastics

... is the study of language in general and of particular languages, their stracture, grammar and history

linguistics

... is the science of numbers and of shapes, including algebra, geometry and arithmetic.

mathematics

... is the science concerned with study of physical objects and substances, and of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement.

physics

akustyka

acoustics (is a branch of physics)

skrzyżowanie

a junction

rozdroże

crossroads (is a junction)

gatunek

species (is a group)

sposób

means (is a method), manner

fabryka

works (is a factory)

the money and resources that you have

means

zielenina, warzywa zielone

greens

szanse, prawdopodobieństwo, los

odds

szczegółowe dane, szczegóły

particulars

broń, uzbrojenie

arms

zakupy, artykuły spożywcze

groceries

buildings where soldiers live

barracks

possessions

belongings

intellect

brains

garments

clothes

words saying you are happy that someone has achieved something

congratulations

income

earnings

things that are produced in order to be sold

goods

physical attractiveness

(good) looks

suburbs

outskirts

greetings

regards

leftovers

remains

wealth

riches

the money that you have saved

savings

a set of steps

stairs

bubbles formed on the top of water with soap in it

suds

environment

surroundings

the things that you say or do to show that you are grateful

thanks

the hottest part of the world around the equator

tropics

field glasses

binoculars

a V-shaped instrument used for drawing cicrles

compasses

trousers (UK)

pants (US)

a small tool made of two crossed pieces of metal, used to hold small things or to bend and cut wire

pliers

a special tool for cutting your nails

nail clippers

a heavy tool for cutting, like a big pair of scissors

shears

glasses

spectacles

a small tool that has two narrow pieces of metal joined at one end which is used for pulling or moving small objects

tweezers

briefs (UK)

underpants (US)

a stepladder

steps

rajstopy

tights

kompas

compass

zwyczaj

custom

odprawa celna

customs

szkody

damage

odszkodowanie

demages

maniery

manners

widowisko, spektakl

spectacle

duch, dusza

spirit

dobry/zły nastrój

in high/low spirits

spirytus

spirits

drewno

wood

las

wood(s)

mechanizm

works

huta

works

knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity.

experience

something that happens to you or something that you do

experiences

an amount of money that is collected and kept for a particular purpose

fund

money that an organization has

funds

the mass of things like fine threads that grows on your head

hair

one of the long fine things like treads that grows on people’s heads and on other parts of their bodies

hairs

an act of looking at something

look

physical attractives

looks

the size or level of something

scale

a machine for weighing people or objects

scales (skale US)

the movement you make when you put one foot in front of or behind the other when walking

step

pokarmy stałe

solids

cząsteczka

particle

księgowość, rachunkować

accountancy

grad

hail

sztućce

cutlery

artykuły biurowe

stationery

naczynia stołowe

crockery

maszyny, maszyneria

machinery

zakwaterowanie

accommodation

brawa, oklaski, aplauz

applause

wsparcie (np. finansowe), pomoc

assistance

kucharstwo, gotowanie

cookery

odwaga

courage

określnik

determiner

określnik ilościowy

quantifier

czasownik posiłkowy

auxiliary verb

czasownik modalny

modal (auxiliary)(verb)

czasownik główny

main verb

najmniej

the fewest/ the least

pozycja przydawkowa

attributive position

dryfujący, uniszący się na wodzie

afloat

płonący, palący się

alight

w płomieniach, w ogniu

aflame

coś się święci, na coś się zanosi

afoot

happy

content/ glad

weak

faint

healthy

fine/ well

not healthy

ill/ poorly/ unwell

feeling sadness

sorry

(un)certain

(un)sure

difficult to see or hear

a faint noise/ the faint outline of the tower

expensive and of a very high quality

fine wine/ clothes

bad/ poor health

ill health

angry feelings towards someone

ill feeling

used to say that every problem brings an advantage for someone

it’s an ill wind (that blows nobody any good)

badly-lit

poorly-lit

very bad

a sorry sight/ a sorry state of affairs

sth that will defenietly happen

(a) sure thing

a very clear sign

a sure sign/ indication

an illness that affects the stomach and makes you feel sick

an upset stomach/ tummy

the most important official in charge of a large organization, esp. an international organization

secretary general

the person who has been elected as president but who has not yet officially started their job

president elect

an heir whose right to receive the family property, money or title cannot be taken away

heir apparent

all the people in a nation forming a state under the control of a single goverment

body politic

used to say when you are surprised or angry; for goodness(’) sake

goodness gracious/ me

the whole amount of something, especially when this is less than expected or needed

the sum total of

for longer than people can remember

from/ since time immemorial

wszystkim zaangażowanym

all the people concerned

zmartwieni rodzice

concerned parents

wiąże się z tym za dużo ryzyka

there's too much risk involved

skomplikowana fabuła

involved plot

kilka ludzi obecnych

a few people present

obecny (teraźniejszy) adres

present address

osoba odpowiedzialna za

person responsible for

Mój zmarły wujek

My late uncle

braterski/ siostrzany

brotherly/ sisterly

kosztowny

costly

tchórzliwy

cowardly

zabójczy, śmiertelny

deadly

starszy

elderly

ojcowski, matczyny

fatherly, motherly

niebiański, boski

heavenly

prawdopodobny

likely

żywy, żywiołowy

lively

chorowity, mdlący

sickly

ołowiany

leaden

kamienny

stony

skórzany

leathery

nieugięty

steely

a game or match played at your opponent’s field or sports hall

an away game

wcześniejszy

then

teraźniejszy imiesłów

present participle

przeszły imiesłów

past participle

przy świecach

candle-lit

ognioodporny

fire-resistant

zdanie twierdzące

positive/ affirmative sentence

zdanie przeczące

negative sentence

zdanie pytające

interrogative sentence/ question

zdanie (składowe)

clause

zdanie podrzędne

subordinate/ dependent clause

przyimek

preposition

directly; in person

face to face

with your arm resting in the curve of another person’s arm

arm in arm

holding each other’s hand

hand in hand

moving very gradually and slowly

inch by inch

repeatedly for many days

day after day/ day in day out

all the time, continuously

night and day/ day and night

completely; thoroughly

from top to bottom

completely (dressed or covered in sth)

from top to toe

Mów głośniej!

Make yourself heard!

stan gotowości, czuwania

stand(-)by

bochenek (chleba)

loaf

własne ja, ego, osobowość

self

wiązka siana, snop

sheaf

piszczałka

fife

śledź

herring

pstrąg

a trout

makrela

mackerel

wskazówka

give-away

ludożerca

man-eater

studzienka kanalizacyjna

manhole

mizogin, wróg kobiet

woman-hater

krzywica

rickets

czas trwania

duration

gruźlica

tuberculosis

porcelana

china

czułek (u owada), macka

antenna

co drugi

every other

used in a piece of writing to refer to something mentioned in an earlier part of the same piece of writing

the above statement/ rule

used when mentioning the person who had a particular job, title, or position at a time in the past

the then chairman

nie uczciwy, szemrany

crooked

stopniowanie przymiotników/ przysłówków

comparison (of adjectives/ adverbs)

stopień najwyższy

superlative degree

stopnień wyższy

comparative degree

stopień równy

positive degree

chytry, cwany

sly

mniejsze zło

the lesser of two evils

w mniejszym stopniu

to a lesser degree/ extent

zwykli śmiertelnicy, zwykli ludzie

lesser mortals