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The misuse (of something)
It is easy to misuse statistics to falsely convince the uninformed
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Niewłaściwe użycie (czegoś)
to use something incorrectly,
To abuse something
1. Williams abused his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends. 2. People think that emotional abuse isn't as bad as physical abuse,
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Nadużywać czegoś / wykorzystywac
use something in a way that will cause damage or harm
Quacks
Many of those quack doctors were busy selling their own, often more dangerous diet cures.
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Znachorzy / szarlatan
someone who dishonestly claims to have specialist knowledge in a particular field, usually in medicine.
quackery
Most medical practices were based on a fearful quackery, and most of the doctors were butchers or just crazy.
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szarlataneria
the word for the actions of quacks.
charlatan, snake oil salesman,
Are We Turning CBD Into Snake Oil?
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szarlatan, osoba świadomie sprzedająca podróbki lub fałszywy towar
negative words for someone who lies about their identity, perhaps pretending to be a doctor when in fact they’re not.
Hack
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pismak, kiepski pisarz
a bad journalist - perhaps someone who writes stories that are sensational but not completely factual. It’s a journalist or writer with no integrity.
evidence-based policy
politicians chase headlines over evidence-based policy
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polityka oparta na faktach
policy which is based on proper scientific evidence.
transparency
Transparency has always been a very important issue for the Council.
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zrozumiałość (np. języka), przejrzystość (np. informacji), jawność (kłamstwa)
he word we use to refer to making information available and open for everyone
Opaque
As the liquid cools it becomes cloudy and opaque.
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Nieprzezroczysty
opposite of transparent, but this is usually just used for things you can’t see through. We don’t usually talk about opaque companies or opaque research.
Translucent
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półprzezroczysty (o cieczy), prześwitujący (np. materiał)
you can partly see through, like glass that is frosted and lets in light, but you can’t see detail
Reliable
Jane is one of the most reliable people in the office and she is a genuine asset to the company.
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solidny, niezawodny, wiarygodny, rzetelny, spolegliwy, godny zaufania
We use it in everyday English for various things, like to describe people you can rely on.
unreliable
This technology is very unreliable.
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niesolidny, niepewny, zawodny
opposite to reliable
To rely on someone/something
I think we need to get a new car. We just can’t rely on this one any more.
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Polegać na kimś / czymś
phrasal verb associated with the adjective reliable
Bias / biased
It’s important to avoid bias in scientific studies because it can cause the results to be misleading.
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stronniczość, uprzedzenie,
is a preference for or against something. (Political bias, gender bias, racial bias)
Biased
The newspaper is a bit biased. They write more positively about the government than the opposition.
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Stronniczy
Ta gazeta jest nieco stronnicza. Lepiej piszą o rządzie niż o opozycji.
unbiased
I rely on your unbiased opinion
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bezstronny
opposite to biased
Incompetence / incompetent
Brexit has been a complete disaster so far largely because of the incompetence of government ministers in their negotiations with the EU.
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niekompetencja/niekompetentny
This is the lack of skill or ability to do your job properly.
competen / competence
Naturally, if you are running a company you want to employ competent people so you can rely on them to do their jobs properly.
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kompetencje / kompetencje
opposite to inccompetence
Efficacy of medicine
Efficacious and efficacy are the words used in the pharmaceutical industry, by medical professionals and doctors when discussing how a drug works under test conditions.
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Skuteczność leku
Both of these words (effectiveness and efficacy) mean when something works in the way that was intended. Another way to say this is to say that it works well.
effective
It wasn't the most effective way to solve this problem
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efektywny
To misinterpret
Steve badly misinterpreted the statistics of the survey.
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Źle zinterpretować
misinterpreting data, research, results, information, figures, facts etc, means drawing the wrong conclusions from it.
To scrutinise something
If you are an auditor you might scrutinise the financial records of a company to make sure there is no evidence of fraud.
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szczegółowo badać (coś), analizować (coś)
To scrutinise something means to examine it very carefully in a lot of detail.
Scrutiny
his essay could use some professional scrutiny
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szczegółowe badanie (np. dokumentu), analiza (czegoś)
be the subject of scrutiny
The way in which the courts handle such claims has been the subject of close scrutiny.
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być przedmiotem kontroli
(=be examined)
Armpits
Anti-perspirant deodorant is the stuff that we typically put into our armpits
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Pachy
spaces under your arms where your arms join your body
To perspire
He always perspires when he's lying.
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Pocić się
glands
When you get sick like that it’s normal to check your throat and neck to see if your glands are swollen
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gruczoł, węzeł chłonny
A gland is an organ in the body which produces something the body needs, like hormones or sweat.
clogged
Clogged nose, Clogged roads, A clogged drain or sink
Please do not use the toilet, it's clogged.
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zapchany, zatkany
Clogged basically means blocked, but it’s when stuff (like dirt) blocks something that usually allows things to flow smoothly.
Nie korzystaj z toalety, jest zapchana.
clogged pores
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zatkane pory
at first glance
At first glance, the place seemed deserted.
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na pierwszy rzut oka
at first glance means when you first look at something quickly, without taking time to look at the details.
additives
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dodatki
chemicals added to products to improve their appearance, taste, lifespan etc. Additives are usually considered to be a bad thing.
preservatives
It’s full of fruit with no artificial preservatives or colourings.
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konserwanty
are more specific types of additives which are put into products to preserve them, so they don’t go off, get mouldy, go stale or decompose.
invulnerable
Malaria that is invulnerable to drugs is spreading across the world.
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niewrażliwy
If you are invulnerable to something, it means it can’t harm you and you can’t be affected by it.
vulnerable
Tourists are more vulnerable to attack, because they do not know which areas of the city to avoid.
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wrażliwy
able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked
Concrete evidence
The police need concrete evidence of an offence before they can prosecute someone.
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Solidny dowód
A concrete example
That sounds a bit vague, so here’s a concrete example.
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Konkretny przykład
a dummy pill, a placebo
The placebo could be powerful because it meets some psychological need for attention and treatment.
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ślepa pigułka, placebo
the pill that patients are told is real medicine but which actually contains no medicine
startling
There has been a startling increase in the numbers of homeless people
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zadziwiający, zdumiewający
it is surprising and unusual. It makes you go “OH!”
To startle
You startled me! I didn't hear you come in.
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Zaskoczyć
to do something unexpected that surprises and sometimes worries a person or animal:
Likely (to happen)
It’s likely to rain tomorrow.
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Może się zdarzyć
If something is likely, it will probably happen or is expected
chilling
Archeologists made a chilling discovery when they uncovered some mass execution graves.
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mrożący krew w żyłach
This means that it makes you feel frightened, disturbed, scared.
No harm done
I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to push you.’ ‘Don’t worry, no harm done.’
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nic sie nie stalo
To do more harm than good
If you don’t warm up properly, exercise may do more harm than good.
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Wyrządzić więcej szkody niż pożytku
To take something with a pinch of salt
t's best to take what he says with a pinch of salt - he's always exaggerating.
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traktować coś z przymrużeniem oka
This idiom means that you don’t need to believe what the person says.

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