COMMUNICATION AND THE MEDIA

HARROWING

(adj) very frightening or shocking and making you feel very upset; harrowing experience/story

TO SUCCUMB TO

(v) SYN give in; stop opposing sb or sth that is stronger than you, and allow them to take control (ulegać) if you succumb to illness, you become very ill or die of it 'About 400,000 Americans succumb each year to smoking-related illnesses'

PREMISES

(n)buildings and land that shop, restaurant, company etc. uses 'Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises'

BOOZE BINGE

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GO OFF THE RAILS

(inf) to start behaving in a strange or socially unacceptable way 'At 17 he he suddenly went off the rails and started stealing'

TURN SB'S BACK ON DRUGS

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DISPOSABLE INCOME

the amount of money you have left to spend after you have paid your taxtes, bills etc (dochód rozporządzalny?)

TO NIP STH IN THE BUD

to stop sth when it just begun, because you know it will give you problems (zdusić w zarodku)

EXPLICIT

(adj) expressed in a way that is very clear and direct 'Explicit knowledge of grammar' (wyraźny, otwarty, sprecyzowany)

BREACH OF DISCIPLINE

(formal) an act of not obeying the rules 'Being absent without permission was a breach of discipline

OBITUARY

article in newspaper about life of sb who has just died

BUCKET-SHOP

a place that sells cheap plane tickets

TRAIN FARE CONCESSIONS

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COUNTERPRODUCTIVE

(adj) achieving the opposite result to the one that you want

CORRUPTING

corrupt - to encourage sb to start behaving in immoral or dishonest way (zgorszenie?)

GRATUITOUS

(adj) said or done without good reason in a way that offends sb SYN unnecessary 'Children books which include gratuitous violence' (nieuzasadniona)

SAFEGUARDS

(v) to protect sth from harm or damage; such things as people's rights, interests, jobs, health, etc (n) rule, agreement etc that is intended to protect sb or sth from possible dangers/problems 'Safeguard against the exploitation of children'

TO INFRINGE ON

to do sth that is against law or sb's legal rights; phrasal: infringe on/upon sth - to limit sb's freedom in some way 'Some students argued that the rule infringed on their right to free speech'

PERVERTED

(adj) morally wrong 'He derives a perverted pleasure from hunting other people' (zdemoralizowany)

AXE

to suddenly dismiss sb from their job 'There are plans to axe 2000 staff.

BID

(v/n) to/an offer to pay a particular price for sth, especially for auction -to order or tell sb what to do

BLAZE

(n) big dangerous fire - news reports 'Firemen fought to keep the blaze under control' (v) to burn very strongly and brightly; shine with bright light; eyes blazing - while feeling strong emotion, especially anger