Epoki

 0    22 schede    KalinaBlanca
Scarica mp3 Stampa Gioca Testa il tuo livello
 
Domanda English Risposta English
THE AGE OF REASON: a.k.a. the Enlightenment, the Restoration, the Augustan Age, the Age of Neoclassicism
inizia ad imparare
; Coffee houses (since 17th c.); Periodical writing (press): Addison and Steele, The Spectator; „common sense” vs „private sense”;
The philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke – empiricism;
inizia ad imparare
The principle of equipoise; a balance of property – the land versus business;
a balance of classes - the gentry versus the middling classes and the mob; a balance in religion - Anglicanism versus the Dissenters, including other Protestant sects and Catholics; a balance in Parliament – Whigs versus Tories
inizia ad imparare
Key terms: Nature, Wit, imitation, rules, decorum.
Neoclassical ideals: clarity, order, reason, wit and balance, good taste, urbanity, civilization, refinement
inizia ad imparare
Imitation of the authors of the antiquity (Horace, Juvenal). Popularity of satire, allegory, comedy of manners. First English Dictionary (1750) by Samuel Johnson.
THE AGE OF SENSIBILITY: SENSIBILITY - sensitivity, emotional reactions, sympathy.
inizia ad imparare
Aesthetics of the beautiful and the sublime; BEAUTIFUL - small, round, shining, pleasant;
SUBLIME - grand, powerful, threatening, dark, angular; Seeking solitude, Nature; Interest in psychology, melancholy, reflection on death
inizia ad imparare
THE GOTHIC NOVEL - The Gothic; Aiming at achieving the emotion of terror through aesthetics (contrast between the beautiful and the sublime) and the construction
ROMANTICISM: Culture: medievalism (interest in the Middle Ages – e.g. use of ballad forms, folk tales, medieval history);
inizia ad imparare
primitivism (interest in older, ‘primitive’ cultures); humanitarianism (a compassionate view of individual men and society)
); hellenism (interest in the literature and culture of Ancient Greece, also connected with an interest in the situation of modern Greece, enslaved by the Turks
inizia ad imparare
Life/Art: interest in the remote in time and space, hence related themes of exoticism; interest in the uncommon, the macabre, the morbid; fascination with childhood; interest in Nature
respect for the imagination (vs reason); respect for individuality, for individual inspiration; Subjectivism favoured more than objectivism;
inizia ad imparare
Poetry: reaction against neoclassical aesthetics and poetics; against a strict approach to literary genres, classical ideals, principles of decorum; Romantic ‘mixing’ of styles and genres
VICTORIAN ERA: The Victorian period started with the 1st Reform Bill that extended political rights (right to vote) to all males owning property worth 10 Ł or more in annual rent (it included lower middle classes, but not the working classes)
inizia ad imparare
England was transformed from a predominantly agricultural to an industrial country; lived by producing goods for export and imported food. A network of railways covered the land, prospering middle classes
An optimistic vision of the present and the future; belief in perpetual industrial progress vs pessimism, criticism of materialism and industrialism
inizia ad imparare
slums, child labour in mines and factories, urban poverty.
In 1851 Prince Albert (Queen Victoria’s husband) opened the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, where a gigantic greenhouse, the Crystal Palace had been built
inizia ad imparare
It was a symbol of modern age, technological advancement and Victorian prosperity and power.
The workshop of the world; Great Britain was rich, influential and admired in Europe and abroad; it was the most powerful colonial empire.
inizia ad imparare
The workshop of the world; Great Britain was rich, influential and admired in Europe and abroad; it was the most powerful colonial empire.
The telegraph was introduced, as well as intercontinental cable, photography, anesthetics (painkillers), telephone, cars; universal compulsory education.
inizia ad imparare
The Victorian „crisis of faith”; the geological discoveries of Charles Lyell (Prnciples of Geology); the biological ideas of Charles Darwin (On the Origin of Species); doubt in the literal truth of the Biblical story of the creation of the world.
MELANCHOLY - vogue for medievalism continued – ballads, narrative poems on Arthurian themes, the need of going forward and braving the struggle of life
inizia ad imparare
; didacticism: strained optimism in recognition of the need of heroic action: Ulysses. Existential doubts and personal introspection
General formal characteristics of Victorian verse: Romantic diction, frequent archaic expressions, preference for detailed, and stylized descriptions of Nature
inizia ad imparare
Novels of sensation: a genre that emerged in Britain from about 1860, the precursor of the modern thriller:
: Horror: Bram Stoker’s Dracula; Adventure: Treasure Island by R. L. Stevenson; Science-fiction: The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by R. L. Stevenson;
inizia ad imparare
related in its form and character to an allegory, a moral fable, a doppelganger horror story, a gothic novel; Making use of strong symbolism; Detective story: Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes cycle.
MODERNISM: Einstein’s relativity theory, Bergson’s different concept of time, Freud’s vision of the human psyche and the role of the unconscious in human life;
inizia ad imparare
personal vision of what is significant; departure from the „common reader”; Reality: dependent on individual sense, passing mood, rather than objective facts
Personal, irrational feeling; Suggestive language, poetic rhythms in prose, symbolic overtones of meanings
inizia ad imparare
Necessity of careful reading, not for the story, but for detail.
The Novel: six major figures - Henry James, Joseph Conrad, James Joyce, Virginia Wolf, D. H. Lawrence and E. M. Forster
inizia ad imparare
shifting or multiple points of view in the narration; a strong sense of relativism as far as the discovery of truth is concerned
and various layers of reality demonstrated through the narrative; Ambiguity of character and meaning
inizia ad imparare
Psychoanalysis, interest in the subconscious, libido; Colonialism, communication between cultures; Feminism, the place of women in the society
stream of consciousness
inizia ad imparare
stream of consciousness - the continuity of impressions and thoughts in the human mind in unpunctuated or fragmentary forms of interior monologue

Devi essere accedere per pubblicare un commento.