Коллоквиум 1 часть 4

What was early capacitor used for?

The early capacitor (Leyden jar) was used to store static electric charge for experiments.

What is a capacitor?

A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field.

What does capacitor consist of?

It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric.

What happens when you connect your capacitor to the power supply?

When connected to a DC power supply, current flows momentarily, charging the capacitor until the voltage across it equals the supply voltage, at which point current stops.

What is the key property of a capacitor?

Its key property is capacitance, which is its ability to store electrical charge.

How can capacitance be denoted?

It is denoted by the letter 'C'.

What is the unit of measurement for capacitance?

The Farad (F).

What factors does capacitance depend on?

It depends on the surface area of the plates (A), the distance between them (d), and the dielectric constant (ε) of the insulating material. (C = εA/d)

What affects the behaviour of capacitors in a circuit?

The frequency of the applied voltage (AC vs. DC) and the circuit configuration.

How do capacitors behave in DC circuits?

They act as an open circuit (infinite resistance) once fully charged, blocking DC current.

How do capacitors behave in AC circuits?

They allow AC current to pass, but offer a frequency-dependent opposition called capacitive reactance.

How does relative permittivity affect capacitance?

A higher relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of the insulating material increases the capacitance.

Can you give the formula for calculating the energy stored in a capacitor?

The energy (E) is equal to one-half times the capacitance (C) times the voltage (V) squared.

What 3 effects of a capacitor in a circuit are mentioned in the video?

Coupling, Decoupling, Filtering, and Energy Storage.

How can capacitors protect sensitive electronic components?

As decoupling capacitors, they smooth out voltage spikes and provide a local reservoir of charge.

How can capacitors be used as filters?

They can block low-frequency signals (DC) while passing high-frequency signals (AC), or be used in combination with resistors/inductors to create specific frequency response circuits.

What types of capacitors are mentioned in the video? Where are they used?

Common types include ceramic (high-frequency circuits), electrolytic (power supply filtering, high capacitance), and film (precision applications).